Protecting Nigerians’ vital right to protest

IN a thriving democracy, the right to protest is fundamental. For Nigeria, this right holds profound significance. Therefore, the official opposition to the planned August 1 #EndBadGovernanceInNigeria protest is baseless and counterproductive.

Protests are a vital expression of democratic rights. They allow citizens to voice their opinions, grievances and demands collectively and effectively. In Nigeria, where political and social issues often go unaddressed, protests provide a platform for the discontented to make their voices heard. This active participation is essential for a healthy democracy, ensuring that the government remains responsive to the needs and aspirations of its people.

Between March 2019 and November 2020, a series of demonstrations took place to protest the introduction of a bill to amend the Fugitive Offenders Ordinance regarding extradition. In March, doctors in South Korea demonstrated to protest the government’s plans to increase medical school admissions and what they see as a broader “lack of support for the country’s medical system.” For over two centuries, the French people have periodically protested public policies, particularly plans to privatise government-owned enterprises.

Therefore, protests serve as a powerful check on government power. They remind elected officials and public servants that they are accountable to the people. In a country where corruption and abuse of power are persistent challenges, protests can deter governmental overreach and foster transparency. By allowing protests, Nigeria can strengthen its democratic institutions and promote a culture of accountability.

Nigeria’s history is replete with instances where public demonstrations catalysed significant social and political change. From the pre-independence movements against colonial rule to the more recent #EndSARS to protest police brutality, Nigerians have repeatedly taken to the streets to voice their grievances and demand justice. Notable in that era were the National Association of Nigerian Students, the Nigerian Medical Association, the Nigerian Bar Association, NUPENG, and PENGASSAN. Unfortunately, these organisations have lost their mettle.

The 1999 Constitution, under Section 40, guarantees every citizen the right to assemble freely and associate with others. Despite constitutional guarantees, the right to protest in Nigeria faces significant challenges. The excessive use of force by security agencies, arbitrary arrests, and the stigmatisation of protesters are alarmingly frequent. These actions not only undermine the essence of democratic expression but also instil fear and discourage civic participation.

The aftermath of the #EndSARS protests in 2020 is a stark reminder of these challenges. While the protest initially received widespread support and highlighted critical issues of police reform, the government’s response was marred by violence and repression. The infamous Lekki Toll Gate incident, where security forces shot unarmed protesters, remains a dark chapter in the country’s democratic journey.

Ministers, APC stalwarts, monarchs, religious leaders, and the Presidency have called on the protesters to sheathe their swords. Some traditionalists plan to hold ‘oro’ to counter the protests in Lagos. The Inspector-General of Police Kayode Egbetokun, the Department of State Services, and the military high command called for the cancellation of the protest.

Nigerians have been facing unprecedented hardship since President Bola Tinubu cancelled the petrol subsidy in May 2023 and floated the naira the following month.

To safeguard the right to protest, several steps must be taken. Strengthening legal frameworks to protect protesters from arbitrary arrests and violence is imperative.

Contrary to the perception that protests are inherently disruptive, they can be a means of peaceful conflict resolution. When citizens can express their dissent and grievances, it is an opportunity for dialogue and negotiation. Suppressing protests, on the other hand, can lead to frustration and escalate tensions, potentially resulting in more violent outcomes.

A vibrant civil society is crucial for the development and sustainability of any democracy.

As Nigeria evolves, it is essential to protect and cherish this right, ensuring that every Nigerian can raise their voice without fear of retribution.