Political Tsunami in Senegal, By Jibrin Ibrahim

I have been in Senegal as part of the ECOWAS Election Observation Mission led by Professor Ibrahim Gambari and the story of the 2024 polls is a pleasing one. The Senegalese people have the capacity to throw out ruling presidents when they derail. In other words, they understand the theory of democracy.

Ten days before the 24th March Senegalese presidential election, the 44-year-old candidate Bassirou Diomaye Faye was in jail together with his mentor, friend and party leader Ousmane Sonko. On Tuesday next week, he will be sworn in as President with 54.28% of total votes cast. President Macky Sall has been jailing all those political actors that he considered a threat to his third term agenda using the judiciary and an evil genius professor of law that the Senegalese call the “Tailleur constitutional”, who has the skills to turn the law to its opposite to service the ambition of his power drunk boss. Before the duo Faye and Sonko were jailed, the son of former President Abdoulaye Wade, Karin and Khalifa Sall, former Mayor of Dakar have both been turned into criminals through abuse of the judicial process, removed from the political arena for some time and jailed to teach them a lesson – don’t challenge President Macky Sall who is determined to destroy Senegalese democracy.

Both of them however remained in the race – Khalifa was able to contest in the presidential election but Karim Wade was disqualified for having a second nationality, French. His dad, who had also tried and failed to get a third term in 2012 was determined that his beloved son Karim must be president. He therefore did a deal with the President, the devil that had blocked him twelve years earlier.  The deal was that the ruling party will work with Wade’s supporters to force through an unconstitutional postponement of the presidential election by ten months allowing the President to stay beyond his tenure and creating enough time for Karim Wade to give up his French citizenship and seek the nomination again while President Sall would use the opportunity to re-open the nomination process to change the presidential candidate he had imposed who it has become clear was not capable of winning the election. Trust the devil, the plot failed. They passed the law through the National Assembly with the required 4/5th absolute majority but to their shock, the normally compliant Constitutional Council threw it out for being in violation of the Constitution. The game was up for Wade and his son so they moved to their next project – revenge against President Macky Sall. Just thirty hours before the elections, father and son called on their supporters to vote for candidate Faye. This was the final nail on the coffin of President Macky Sall as it helped push the momentum for Faye to get the 50% plus 1 that he needed to win in the first round.

Faye’s clear first round victory was a shock to the ruling party. Sonko’s party was only a decade old and was considered a small party in the Senegalese political landscape. The election, which took place after a last-minute postponement and a whirlwind campaign cut from 21 to 12 days so that it could hold before Sall’s term ends on 2nd April, was shrouded in uncertainty. Faye, the presidential candidate of the African Patriots of Senegal for Work, Ethics and Fraternity (PASTEF) party was in jail and was still unknown to the general public just a year ago. However, as soon as people realised his close collaboration with the charismatic party leader Ousmane Sonko as party secretary, the slogan sold to the 7.3 million voters made sense and caught on – “Sonko mooy Diomaye, Diomaye mooy Sonko” (“Sonko is Diomaye, Diomaye is Sonko,” in Wolof. This propelled his popularity and they were able to reap rewards for establishing and growing the party over a ten-year period.

Senegal has a tradition of allowing radio and television stations to announce polling station results so about three hours after the elections everyone knew that computations from announcements and party agents indicated a first-round victory for opposition candidate Bassirou Diomaye Faye. The following day, two days before results were announced, both the ruling party candidate, Amadou Ba and President Macky Sall called him, conceded defeat while congratulating him for the victory. The game was up and he would not be in office to steal the massive revenues that would be streaming in from petroleum and gas sells starting later this year.

In his victory speech, Faye promised to focus on political healing following the acrimony generated by President Sall’s reckless judicial and physical attacks on his political opponents, getting over 60 people killed while demonstrating against his scheming and jailing over one thousand people for participating in demonstrations. He promised to govern with humility and transparency, the opposite of Macky Sall’s traits.  He has above all promised a rupture disentangling Senegal from French neo-colonialism. France is in deep trouble having lost control in Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger and now Senegal may be joining the bandwagon. The incoming president is particularly popular among young voters in a country where more than 60% of people are under 25 and struggle to find jobs. Faye promised to dedicate more state resources to promote youth employment and address the cost of living crisis the country is facing.

President Sall got his politics wrong. He invested heavily in importing riot control arms, gear and equipment and created new security services, some without uniforms, to shoot into demonstrating crowds. Police crackdowns on protests buoyed the opposition, as did rising living costs and concerns. His determination to extend his mandate beyond constitutional limits angered Senegalese citizens. As was the case in 2000 when Abdou Diouf was voted out and 2012 when it was Abdoulaye Wade’s turn to be voted out, the Senegalese have demonstrated their capacity to get rid of presidents that have lost their bearing.

Senegal is set to start exporting oil and gas this year, and Faye has promised a raft of changes including plans to renegotiate oil and gas contracts as the depth of corruption has been very high. Due to Macky Sall’s commitment to corruption, the elections which were originally scheduled for February 25 was shifted on February 3, the eve of the campaign period over flimsy arguments. This decision was unprecedented and brought both internal and international condemnation. After weeks of back and forth between the different branches of government on a new date, President Sall was forced to announce on March 6, the new date of March 24, which was accepted by the Constitutional Council.  As this episode of the story ends, Macky Sall is widely reported to have made plans to emigrate to a country without extradition agreement with Senegal as the all-powerful finally realises the guilty are afraid and power is never forever.