Shea butter, others from Nigeria beneath international requirements, says WTO

The World Trade Organisation, on Tuesday, charged Nigeria and other African countries to improve the quality of their shea exports, as a lot of the commodities do not meet the sanitary and phytosanitary measures required for export.

It also pointed out that despite the clear benefits and advantages in the production of shea, much of the potential of this commodity was still untapped. WTO is an international organisation that deals with the global rules of trade between nations, established in 1995, and headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland.

The shea tree, native to the savannas of West Africa, produces the shea nut. The shea tree is a valuable resource for local communities, as the nuts can be used to produce shea butter, which is a source of income and can be used for medicinal purposes.

The Director-General, WTO, Dr Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, while delivering a virtual address at the 2024 Shea Annual Conference organised by the Global Shea Alliance in Abuja, said it was crucial to look at the shea value chain beyond farming and processing for butter.

She said, “At the WTO, shea is one of the main agricultural export of over eight of our members including Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte D’Ivoire, Ghana, Mali, Nigeria and Togo. In Ghana alone, shea butter exports were valued at over $92m in 2022, and over one million women are involved in this sector.

“However, despite the clear benefits and advantages that shea brings to our women, much of the potential of this sector is still untapped. A lot of our shea products do not meet the sanitary and phytosanitary measures required for export, and this is hindering many countries from being able to export.

“In addition, it is crucial that we look at the shea value chain beyond farming and processing for butter. How can we in Africa begin to manufacture more finished shea products?”

Okonjo-Iweala stated that her organisation had been assisting Nigerians and other countries to improve on the export of shea products, as this would impact positively on the economy of the concerned nations.

“When I first took office as WTO DG, I met with a group from a shea cooperative in Oyo State who participated in an event organised by the Nigerian Export Promotion Council.

“The WTO, International Trade Centre and NEPC had all worked together to build the capacity of the cooperative to produce good quality shea butter that met international safety and quality standards.

“This cooperative had once been prevented from exporting, but with the work done by all the agencies, they were able to receive the international safety certification that allows them to export to the United States, United Kingdom, Middle East and South Africa.

“The incomes of the women rose and even tripled. And many of them told me how they had been able to pay for their children’s university education and also invest in side businesses. This is the power of trade and how it can work for people,” the WTO boss stated.

She told delegates at the conference that the WTO was founded so that trade could help to raise living standards, create jobs and promote sustainable development, adding that “shea butter, specifically trade in shea butter, can help with these objectives.”

Okonjo-Iweala said, “Shea butter has been referred to as women’s gold for centuries. Currently over 16 million women in West Africa make a living from farming and processing of shea nuts.

“It is estimated that women make $237m in direct income from shea. 85 per cent of all shea exports are used as cocoa butter equivalence and 15 per cent are used for cosmetics.

“The cosmetics shea butter market is currently worth over $600m and it is expected to reach about $850m by the end of 2027. So we have to look at how African women can further benefit from this sector.”

On her part, the Chief Executive Officer, Nigerian Export Promotion Council, Nonye Ayeni, said Nigeria is among the major producers of shea globally.

“It may interest you to know that the following countries account for the largest producers of shea in the world, representing 60 per cent of global production. These countries are Burkina Faso, Mali, Ghana, Nigeria and Cote D’Ivoire,” she stated.

Ayeni stated that a cursory look at the global value of shea production and export showed that in 2023, the production and value of shea along the value chain was $2.17bn, while it was expected to grow at a Compound Annual Growth Rate of 7.1 per cent by 2030, representing the sum of $5.8bn.

“Global market value for chocolate is estimated to be approximately $113.16bn in 2021 and expected to reach $156.74bn in 2030. For the cosmetics industry, it stands at $380.2bn and is expected to reach $453bn in 2026.

“Presently, more countries like India, Japan and South Korea are approving the use of shea butter as cocoa butter equivalent, apart from China, Italy and Netherlands, that are among the leading importers of shea butter, there is therefore ready market for quality shea butter in the international market.

“Nigeria is one of the major producers of shea in the world. It is on record that presently, the country has about five million hectares of shea trees which are grown in about 21 states of the federation especially in Niger, Kebbi, Oyo, Kwara, Benue and Federal Capital Territory,” Ayeni stated.

The NEPC boss noted that the opportunities for shea to transform Nigeria’s economy could be seen in the areas of job creation, value addition and women empowerment.

She told delegates at the conference that the NEPC was doing a lot to enhance the production of the commodity in Nigeria to meet international standards.